Outdoors with Bear Grylls https://outdoors.com/ The Premier Website for Every Outdoor Lifestyle: Fishing, Hiking, Kayaking, Off-Road, Camping & More Thu, 14 Sep 2023 19:44:52 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.3.1 https://outdoors.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-favicon.webp?w=32 Outdoors with Bear Grylls https://outdoors.com/ 32 32 210331624 ‘Hot and boring. Too Rocky’: Joshua Tree National Park Responds to Bad Reviews With Hilarious Comments https://outdoors.com/hot-and-boring-too-rocky-joshua-tree-national-park-responds-to-bad-reviews-with-hilarious-comments/ https://outdoors.com/hot-and-boring-too-rocky-joshua-tree-national-park-responds-to-bad-reviews-with-hilarious-comments/#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2023 18:32:08 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98939 The social media team at Joshua Tree National Park is replying to bad reviews with their own hilarious reviews.

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U.S. National Parks are some of the most beautiful places in the country. They attract millions of visitors from all over the world each year to hike, camp, and enjoy. On top of that, the National Park Service (NPS) is one of the few government agencies Americans agree on. Recent polls found widespread approval for the NPS and the parks they oversee. 

However, every now and then, a visit to a park leaves someone unhappy. The social media team at Joshua Tree National Park is tackling that head-on with their own reviews of bad reviews. 

Here are a few great responses to people who are less than happy to visit the desert.

joshua tree reviews

From @JoshuaTreeNPS:

“I dislike the outdoors.” Two stars. My dude, WHY are you going outdoors then?

joshua tree reviews

From @JoshuaTreeNPS:

“Never been here.” One star. PLEASE, just give us a chance.

joshua tree opinion

From @JoshuaTreeNPS:

“Little to no true JT’s.” 4 stars. This is true; of our many plants, only some are truly Joshua trees.

joshua tree worth it

From @JoshuaTreeNPS:

“Same tree over and over.” 3 stars. Totally, it’s like a forest.

j tree reviews

From @JoshuaTreeNPS:

“More JT’s by Grandpa’s house.” We give this 5 stars. Also, where does gramps live because we want to cruise this highway.

joshua tree bad reviews

From @JoshuaTreeNPS:

“Hot and boring. Too rocky.” We give this review 3 stars. Hot? Absolutely. Boring? That’s a choice. Too rocky? We do have, like, A LOT of rocks.

Do you love bad reviews about national parks? You’ll love these posters.

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5 Things You Didn’t Know About Denali National Park https://outdoors.com/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-denali-national-park/ https://outdoors.com/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-denali-national-park/#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2023 16:59:49 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98901 When it comes to national parks, Denali puts up some pretty impressive numbers. Read on to learn five things you didn’t know about the park. 

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When it comes to national parks, Denali puts up some pretty impressive numbers. It’s the most popular national park in Alaska, it’s the third-largest U.S. national park with nearly 4.8 million acres, and it’s home to the highest peak in North America.

And there’s a lot more to it than just that. Read on to learn five things you didn’t know about Denali National Park. 

5. The park was originally called “McKinley” because of the gold standard

denali first ascent
Image: NPS

Denali National Park was named after the highest peak in the park, Mount Denali, which was the name given by the Native Americans. In the Koyukon language, the term means “the high one.” For a long time, though, neither the park nor the mountain was officially recognized that way by the federal government. 

As the story goes, a gold prospector started calling the mountain “Mount McKinley” circa 1896 because the then-presidential candidate William McKinley supported the gold standard. Many followed suit using the unofficial name, especially after he was elected president and assassinated a few years later. Then, when the land was established as a national park in 1917, it was named Mount McKinley National Park to commemorate the late president.   

Of course, the name change never sat well with the locals. Jump ahead to 1975, the Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain back to Denali and tried to exert influence over federal lawmakers to do the same. In 1980, lawmakers combined Mount McKinley National Park with the Denali National Monument and renamed the area Denali National Park and Preserve. 

However, the federal government didn’t fully recognize Denali as the official name of the mountain until 2015, when President Barack Obama called it that and directed the Department of Interior to officially rename it. 

4. Mount Denali is harder to climb than Everest

denali mountaineering
Image: NPS

Standing 20,310 feet tall, Mount Denali is the highest point in all of North America and belongs to a collection of peaks called “The Seven Summits,” a mountaineering term referring to the highest points on each of the seven continents. Although Denali ranks as the third highest of the seven, some argue that it’s the most difficult. 

According to Seven Summits, a company that guides people to complete mountaineering expeditions, Denali is the most strenuous, because climbing it requires a high level of skill and expertise for navigating glaciers, rope team travel, and carrying heavier loads. 

Plus, the weather is unpredictable around Denali year-round. According to the National Park System (NPS), the weather in the park has a wide range of temperatures and conditions. When the sun is out, it can be hot, but at higher elevations, it can be negative 35 degrees Fahrenheit.

However, wind is the biggest danger on the mountain. The winds, which have been clocked at 100 mph, are so strong that they will not only knock you off balance, but they’ll also accelerate the frostbite process, even amid milder temperatures. 

While Mount Everest is incredibly dangerous — the cold and lack of oxygen make it deadly — hundreds of people complete the trek each year. 

3. It’s the only national park with a working dog sled kennel

denali dog sledding
Image: NPS

Dog sledding is rooted in Denali’s history. According to NPS, when Charles Sheldon studied Dall sheep in the area that would later become the park, he hired veteran Alaskan dog musher Harry Karstens to guide him. 

Years later, after Sheldon successfully lobbied the U.S. Congress to establish the federal land as a national park, Karstens became Denali’s first park ranger. In that role, he patrolled the grounds using dog sleds and significantly reduced wildlife poaching. Since then, the park hired more rangers and added more dog kennels around the lands. 

Today, rangers continue to navigate the park using dog sleds. The kennels have also become a major tourist attraction. 

2. Denali has some 600 earthquakes a year

denali earthquakes
Image: NPS

According to NPS, Denali National Park has about 600 earthquakes a year — that’s approximately 1.6 earthquakes each day — because of active plate tectonics. However, most people in the area never feel them. 

The park service explained that about 70% of the quakes average between magnitude 1.5 and 2.5, meaning they’re small and can’t be felt, but they can still be recorded by a ​​seismograph. Additionally, they almost all happen 54-75 miles below the earth’s surface. 

1. You’ll find America’s “Big 5” at Denali

denali dall sheep
Image: NPS

The “Big 5” refers to the five biggest or most domineering mammals in an area. Denali’s Big 5 include moose, caribou, Dall sheep, grizzly bears, and wolves, and that’s not all there is to see at the park. 

According to park officials, scientists have documented 39 species of mammals at the park, along with 172 birds, 14 fish, and one species of amphibian (the wood frog). Additionally, they’ve identified 758 vascular plants, eight trees, 380 mosses, 119 liverworts, and 442 lichens. 

Read more facts about the national parks:

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How to Insulate Your Tent and Beat the Chill While Camping https://outdoors.com/how-to-insulate-your-tent/ https://outdoors.com/how-to-insulate-your-tent/#comments Thu, 14 Sep 2023 15:00:00 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98890 As we prepare for the fall, nightly temperatures are going to decrease and you might get chilly. Here's how to insulate your tent

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As we prepare for the fall weather, you may be getting ready to pack up the camping gear and head back home for what will feel like a long, cold winter. But do not fret, campers, just because the temperatures are dropping doesn’t mean you need to stay inside and watch the fall and winter pass you by. 

You can always buy or rent a hot tent for a weekend (and if you’re going somewhere with frigid temperatures, we would suggest doing so), but if the low temperature of the night is somewhere between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit, you probably don’t need a tent made for the tundra. So how can you insulate the tent you already have? You probably have more of the gear you need than you think.

This post contains affiliate links. Outdoors.com may earn a commission when you make a purchase through these links. Thank you for your support.  

Prep Your Tent

how-to-insulate-your-tent
Image by Christopher Kimmel/Aurora Photos

Before you even set up your tent, be sure there is a barrier between the bottom of your tent and the ground. Put down a tarp that is the same size or larger than the footprint of your tent. This will create the first layer of the barrier that will keep your tent warm on those first cool nights of fall. 

If it’s windy outside, add a second tarp to the side of your tent. (Essentially, make a windbreaker for your tent.) And if it’s rainy out, pack a third tarp to add to the top of the tent. Basically, tarps are going to be your best friend when it comes to insulating your tent from the outside. You can also add a thermal blanket to the top of your tent for extra added warmth.

Inside the tent, add some layers to the floor. Sleeping pads will not only add extra comfort when you’re sleeping but also help keep your tent warm on those chilly nights. You might also consider adding a rug or carpeting to the bottom of your tent. Of course, you’ll also need a sleeping bag that’s good for cooler weather.

Prep Yourself

how-to-insulate-your-tent
Image by Anchiy

No matter how many extra layers you add to the ground, if it’s cold outside, you’re probably still going to feel it to some degree. Make sure you pack thermal underwear and/or base layers to keep you warm during the night. This will keep your body heat close to you while the layers added to the tent will trap heat inside the tent. You can also bring hand warmers for extra heat, but please read the safety instructions and don’t fall asleep with them on your skin. 
If, after your many layers of insulation, you still don’t feel like they’re working, you can add a tent-safe heater to your setup.

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‘Poop Bags’ to be Given to Rock Climbers Visiting Squamish to Help With ‘Convenient Waste Disposal’ https://outdoors.com/poop-bags-to-be-given-to-rock-climbers-visiting-squamish-to-help-with-convenient-waste-disposal/ https://outdoors.com/poop-bags-to-be-given-to-rock-climbers-visiting-squamish-to-help-with-convenient-waste-disposal/#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:05:27 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98876 An increase in visitors and lack of facilities ended with a disgusting issue of human fecal matter left around popular climbing routes. 

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Climbing is one of the fastest-growing sports in the world, and it should come as no surprise that select crags (a steep or rugged rock face) are more crowded than ever. Beautiful outdoor areas like Squamish, in British Columbia, are seeing a massive influx of visitors. 

While more people getting outside is usually a good thing, the increase in visitors and lack of facilities ended with a disgusting issue of human fecal matter left around popular climbing routes. 

Part of the problem is people coming unprepared to deal with their waste, while the other is rocky climbing routes with few areas to stop and dig a hole. 

The Squamish Access Society, a conservation group focused on protecting climbing access, say they are adding poop bags to the area.

The WAG (Waste Alleviation and Gelling) bag program “provides climbers with convenient waste disposal solutions, reducing human fecal contamination in our parks.”

The group says toilet paper and hand sanitizer are also available. The eco-friendly program aims to alleviate the unhealthy issues at the climbing destination.

“Most climbers are responsible and good at taking care of this issue, but there’s always going to be people caught out in an unfortunate situation and not prepared,” Ryan Tucker from the Squamish Access Society told local media about the problem. 

Advocates say the issue has also become a problem for nearby hikers and their dogs.

Anyone visiting the outdoors should follow proper Leave No Trace principles. 

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Death Valley National Park Announces Possible Reopening Date https://outdoors.com/death-valley-national-park-announces-possible-reopening-date/ https://outdoors.com/death-valley-national-park-announces-possible-reopening-date/#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:02:27 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98872 The combined work of multiple agencies and employees from around the National Park Service have helped repair the national park.

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Death Valley National Park remains closed after heavy storm damage tore up roadways throughout the park. However, with the combined work of multiple agencies and employees from around the National Park Service, they now have a reopening date in mind.

According to a social media post, the national park is working to partially reopen on October 15. The proposed plan would be for the park’s west side and include the entrance through Lone Pine, California, along CA-136, giving visitors access to Penamint Springs, Stovepipe Wells Villages and the Furnace Creek area. 

The park closed after Tropical Storm Hilary hit August 19. Over 400 people were trapped inside the park boundaries after flash flooding tore up roadways and was debris over others. NPS crews and road construction teams from the State of California worked to clear a path to give people a way out. Since then, the NPS has sent employees from other parks to help in the process of reopening.

However, for Death Valley’s targeted reopening, they need several things to fall into place. First, park officials say they must avoid further weather complications that could slow work progress. Second, the park must receive all the road materials needed to complete the roads that still need repairs. 

In late October, temperatures usually drop enough in the park to increase visitors and kick off the camping season.

Visitors should expect traffic delays in the park as work will be ongoing. So far, there has yet to be an announced timeline for opening the park’s eastern half.

In their release, Death Valley National Park officials say, “On behalf of the staff and partners of Death Valley National Park, we are grateful for your patience and support as we have been working to reopen the park.”

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Rut Season at Rocky Mountain National Park, Plus Other Fall Animal Behavior https://outdoors.com/rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park/ https://outdoors.com/rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park/#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2023 14:00:00 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98877 As fall slowly approaches, many animals begin to prepare themselves for the winter. It's rut season at Rocky Mountain National Park.

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While we delight in the slower pace of fall, the cooler weather, the changing of the leaves, and football on TV, animals are busily preparing for the winter. From gathering food to migrating south, animals go through some big changes during the autumn months as they adapt to the changes in weather, food availability, and landscape. My family’s favorite fall behavior is the rut.

Experiencing the Rut First-Hand

rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park
Image by Marcia Straub

While all animals in the deer family, including moose and mule deer, go through the rut each fall, none is quite as impressive as the elk (wapiti). A bugle, the guttural sound a male makes throughout the rut season, can be heard beginning at the end of August through October

The bugle itself changes throughout the rut. As bull elk shed their velvet, they bugle short high sounds to locate females (cows) within distance and communicate with other bulls. As daylight shortens, the call changes in both sound and meaning. The short bugle becomes louder, longer, and more frequent. Sometimes referred to as more of a “scream,” this call establishes territory and dominance. This call is most often bull to bull, but a cow knows that it means to stay close to her chosen bull. 

Video by Courtney Johnson

It was in search of hearing this noise in person that brought me, my husband, and our then four-year-old daughter to Rocky Mountain National Park during rut season for the first time back in 2017. Ever since that first early-morning experience of hearing bull elk going back and forth with each other across the mountainside, we have headed to the park yearly to watch the machismo and delight in the bellows. Seeing a male stand his ground, corralling his group of females while another male approaches is nature at its finest. 

The calls of bulls in the middle of the night while snuggled in a tent in early September, the sound of a bugle carrying through the valley while on a hike, bulls chasing females back to the herd, two bulls fighting over a cow—we have experienced all these memorable moments within the park. But nothing can replace that first experience and the delight when we heard that first call. 

The rut is just one interesting animal behavior to watch out for this fall while you’re exploring the outdoors. Here are a few more.

Migration 

rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park
Image by Danny Lehman

Migratory birds begin their journey south for the winter in the fall months. Some birds head straight south, while some make stops during the long journey. If you notice different birds in your area during autumn that seem to only make a short stay, it’s probably a species that needs to stop for rest, eat, or even molt. For instance, eared grebes flock to the Great Salt Lake in Utah, while warblers stop to rest in cottonwoods while the leaves turn bright yellow. 

Some animals are nomadic migrators that move seasonally but not over long distances.  If you are spending time outdoors, you may see these animals making their journey to warmer climates. 

Pronghorn migrate to lower elevation areas, along with mule deer and elk, for milder weather and more access to food during the winter. American bison often migrate south for more open areas for grazing.

Hyperphagia and Food Intake

rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park
Image by Scott Suriano

In North America, bears begin hyperphagia in preparation for winter sleep or “torpor.” This means they drink and eat as much as possible throughout the day. While bears are most active in the early morning and late evening hours in spring and summer, during the fall, they are more active throughout the day, meaning there are more chances for sightings. For this reason, it is important to be extra diligent with food and trash, making sure it is stored and disposed of properly

You may see other mammals, including marmots and woodchucks, hunting for food throughout the day during these transitional months. These animals are also trying to build up reserves of fat within their bodies to help get them through the cold months. 

Animals like mule deer that stay active during the winter also tend to eat more food before the season sets in to build up energy reserves. This allows them to be more sedentary, lower their heart and respiratory rates, and conserve heat as they battle the elements of winter.

Scatter-Hoarding and Larder-Hoarding

rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park
Image by Mark Chivers

Scatter-hoarding refers to the act of spreading food items across many hiding places. Birds and small mammals use this technique to make sure they do not go hungry over the cold months when food is scarce. Squirrels are notorious for taking nuts and hiding or burying them. 

Blue jays are also known to use a wide area of space to scatter acorns—sometimes as far as a mile long. Scatter-hoarding is also helpful for germination and seed dispersal, allowing for plant populations to continue to thrive and stay healthy. 

Larder-hoarding is when an animal puts food items in one place for consumption at a later time. Larder-hoarding animals will bury their food stores to hide it from other animals. Food stores are often near where the animal calls home, like its nest or burrow. 

Winter Coats 

rut-season-at-rocky-mountain-national-park
Image by Mark Newman

Animals that do not hibernate or migrate in any form go through a change in coat to help them survive the winter. These changes typically begin in October, peaking in November, depending on altitude and climate. There are two benefits to changing to a winter coat. The first is that these coats are often a lighter color than summer coats. For animals like the arctic fox and snowshoe hare, their white winter coats help camouflage the mammals from predators. It also is beneficial for the animals to blend in when they are on the hunt for their own food. 

Mammals, including bison, deer, and moose, grow a thicker multi-layer coat during the winter. The underlayer (underfur) is thick and provides much-needed insulation from the snow and cold temperatures. Guard hairs grow on top of the underfur to provide a waterproof layer and to protect the underfur from wear and tear.

The transition from summer to winter is a big one for the animal kingdom. For outdoor lovers, fall is for more than just foliage; it’s for observing the incredible changes taking place among the wildlife in whatever area you’re exploring. Which transition is your favorite to observe?

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7 Essential Safety Tips for Solo Female Hikers https://outdoors.com/essential-safety-tips-for-solo-female-hikers/ https://outdoors.com/essential-safety-tips-for-solo-female-hikers/#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2023 13:00:00 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98847 Discover essential safety tips for solo female hikers to ensure a safe and empowering outdoor adventure without stressing on the trail.

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Solo female hikers, trail runners, and outdoor lovers, if you are called to the wild all by your lonesome, you shouldn’t let anyone stand in your way. It is safe for a woman to hike alone – just take precautions. Head into nature and enjoy the vast beauty that awaits as part of the world’s greatest treks

Going solo means rising to the challenge and building up your personal responsibility. Don’t fall for common mistakes, like overestimating your true fitness, underestimating nature’s unpredictability, not having the proper gear, underpacking or overpacking, or not bringing or following signs and maps.

When you’re alone, it’s just you, so you have to prepare yourself properly for whatever you’re walking into. But hiking alone doesn’t have to feel dangerous. Follow these tips to prioritize safety and protect yourself while enjoying your amazing adventures in the wild.

1. Be Over-Prepared
Choose a trail that is easy to find and popular. Plan ahead and research how long it will take, whether it’s a day hike or a thru-hike. Before heading out, thoroughly research your chosen trail or location and get to know the details of the trail. Start your hike or run early enough in the day to ensure you have plenty of daylight to complete your journey. Don’t push the limits of daylight, especially if you’re unfamiliar with the trail.

Familiarize yourself with the terrain, trail conditions, weather forecasts, and potential hazards. Always let someone know your itinerary and expected return time. Check the weather forecast before starting your hike or run, and remember that sudden weather changes can be dangerous, so be prepared with appropriate clothing and shelter.

Learn about the wildlife in the area you’re visiting too. Understand how to react if you encounter animals like bears or cougars. Carry bear spray if you’re in bear country, which can help protect you from suspect characters as well.

Learn basic navigation skills, such as using a compass and reading a map. GPS devices can be helpful but should not be relied upon exclusively. Download offline maps on your smartphone and bring a power bank. 

1. Solo Female Hike Preparation Checklist:

essential-safety-tips-for-solo-female-hikers
Image by Westend61
  • Weather
  • Wildlife
  • Time
  • Trail
  • Training
  • People
  • Protection
  • Navigation (map, GPS downloaded offline)
  • Nutrition
essential-safety-tips-for-solo-female-hikers
Image by Jordan Siemens

It might sound obvious, but if it’s your first time out hiking alone, don’t attempt to avoid crowds, go for a popular trail. You may be alone, but let’s not go for isolated, at least at the start. Ease into hiking by yourself before you go for the more obscure trail. Well-traveled and well-maintained trails are great because they are not only easier to find but are also safer, and they’re likely very beautiful as well. 

Keep to the marked trail. Always be on a lookout for the right direction if there are confusing forks in the road. If someone comes by you can ask for directions, but always trust your instincts, and bring a map. Use a paper or electronic map for navigation and check your progress at frequent intervals to avoid navigational mistakes. Going off trail can lead to getting lost. Don’t be afraid to turn around.

3. Have the Right Gear

essential-safety-tips-for-solo-female-hikers
Image by Peathegee Inc

Always bring appropriate gear and equipment, including a map and compass (and know how to use them), a first aid kit, a headlamp or flashlight, extra clothing, and food.

Some solo female hikers choose to carry personal safety tools for creepers or animals, such as a whistle, pepper spray, and/or a personal alarm. Three shrill blasts on your whistle is the universal call for help. 

Essential Survival Gear for Solo Female Hikers

  • Navigation: a paper map, GPS, and compass
  • Sun protection
  • Warm clothing, emergency blanket
  • Headlamp or flashlight, charged or with batteries
  • First aid kit
  • Fire-making kit: lighter or waterproof matches (bonus: fire starter)
  • Knife 
  • Food
  • Water
  • Emergency shelter

Bear this solo hiking list in mind, but also make sure not to pack too much.

4. Let People Know

essential-safety-tips-for-solo-female-hikers
Image by CocoSan

It might be appealing to just run off without a note, but informing a trusted friend or family member about your plans can give solo female hikers peace of mind. Let them know your start time and estimated end time and trail name. Consider using a hiking safety app that allows others to track your progress. You can share your location if you have service. 

If you’re nervous to share your location with friends and family, you can always speak with the park rangers and let them know your hiking plans. Hit two birds with one stone and ask the ranger if there will be cell service along your route. Knowing whether you have the ability to use your phone should you need to make an emergency call is an important preparation to make. 

You can always invest in a satellite communication device or a personal locator beacon for remote areas where cell phone reception is unreliable. Leave your itinerary with someone you trust. You can also put regular posts on social media if you have service or put up a post summarizing your plans. 

5. Know Your Body

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Image by Todo Tsvetkov

Avoid one of the most common mistakes new solo female hikers make by knowing your body’s limits. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to push yourself, but prepare with proper water and food to sustain you for your whole journey, whether you’re hiking or running. Dehydration and exhaustion can lead to complications nobody wants.

Honor your mental and physical limitations, and take care of yourself. It’s not weak to be cautious. There’s no need to push yourself too hard on a challenging hike all by your lonesome. Take your time, be thoughtful, and pay attention to your body as you go. 

6. Pay Attention

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Image by Susumu Yoshioka

Simply staying focused on what you’re doing can go a long way. Keep your senses sharp while on the trail and watch for signs and indicators of where you are. Don’t wear headphones in case dangerous animals or people are nearby. Be ready for anything by staying aware of your surroundings.

7. Trust Yourself

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Image by Tony Anderson

You may feel intimidated to hike alone, but it’s important to trust your internal compass and intuition. If someone seems strange, they are probably strange. Trust your instincts and listen to your gut. Don’t say yes to something you don’t want to do or take a path you are unsure about. Consider turning back or changing your plans if something doesn’t feel right.

If learning some practical self-defense gives you even more confidence, consider taking self-defense classes so you’re ready in case of an emergency while you’re alone on the trail.

It can be daunting to try solo hiking no matter who you are, but it all comes down to being ready for anything and preparing for what you can prepare for in advance. With proper preparation and constant vigilance, solo female hikers and trail runners can have perfectly safe adventures in the wild.

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A Beginner’s Guide to Layering Outdoor Clothes https://outdoors.com/layering-camping-clothes/ Thu, 14 Sep 2023 09:00:00 +0000 https://outdoors.com/layering-camping-clothes/ Layering outdoor clothes for warmth, comfort, and safety is a skill everyone needs to know. Read about the basics.

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Layering outdoor clothes for warmth, comfort, and safety is a skill everyone needs to know. Whether you’re hiking, camping, canoeing, or doing anything else in the outdoors, smartly layering clothing is important for much bigger reasons than making a fashion statement.

In any activity, your level of exertion varies over the course of a day or even a few hours. Sometimes you’re working hard and at other times you’re not moving at all. For those reasons, you need to dress to keep your body regulated in hot, cold, and wet conditions. Read how to become a pro at layering outdoor clothes.

The basics of layering outdoor clothes

When you dress for the outdoors, you should dress in three layers: a base layer, a warming layer, and an exterior layer for added warmth, waterproofing, and/or windproofing. Of course, you can always modify this by adding an extra warming layer like a vest or not using a layer because it’s not that cold. But, as always, use your best judgment. Layering helps in two ways. First, it may prevent perspiration in the first place. Second, the right kind of layers can help disperse moisture that does build up and get it away from your skin.

Base Layer

The layer next to your skin should quickly pull away, but not hold moisture. It should wick it through quickly to the next layer out. Exposed to air, this next-to-your-body layer should dry quickly. This means it’s thin and made of a high-tech, synthetic material that includes polyester. 

layering outdoor clothes
Set of clothes for hiking for spring-autumn.

Fabrics for base layers are specially woven so moisture is forced into and through the gaps in the weave so it rapidly reaches the next layer. By comparison, polyester only holds 0.4% of moisture while cotton holds 7%.

Warming Layer

The next layer should be a soft, light to medium-weight blanket of insulation. Synthetic fleece is good, or Merino wool is great. If you choose fleece, look for garments with good loft that are still good at wicking moisture. Merino wool (and some more coarse kinds of wool) will accomplish the same level of warmth without as much loft. Though wool is not a great wicker, it will do a good job of keeping you warm even if it is damp.

Exterior Layer

For the next layer out, consider an insulated vest. Goose or Eider Down is fantastic because of its supreme lightweight, maximum insulation, and packability. However, synthetics run a very close race as they perform better than down when wet. Wet down is nearly useless and is a bugger to dry out.

Waterproofing Layer

An essential layering option to have any time you’re outdoors is a waterproof or windproof outer layer in case of rain, sleet, snow, wind, or any nasty combination thereof. It must be of materials and construction you can count on because when you need it, you’ll really need it! It will not only keep you comfortable, but might possibly be called on to keep you safe, or even alive. 

Again, this layer should let vapor out, but prevent water from coming in. To make it convenient to carry this critical layer with you on every outing, it should be light and packable. It should take up nearly no room in your pack. Except in the most extreme conditions, it’s not really necessary to worry about insulation in this outer layer because that’s what your carefully chosen underlayers are meant to do.

What to wear and what to pack

Put the vest and your waterproof layers in your day pack, then it will be there when you need it — and you’ll forget about it when you don’t, which is a nice way to go. Multiple light- to medium-weight layers of clothing allow you to quickly adapt what you’re wearing in the field to the conditions you’re facing minute by minute. 

“In the field” is so important because you can’t add or subtract layers you don’t have with you. So “layering” doesn’t only cover what you’re wearing when you set out into the woods. Of at least equal importance are the layers you carry with you to put on in the woods — if and when you need them.

layering outdoor clothes
Nothing beats a fresh pair of socks.

What to do if everything gets wet

Should the worst happen, and you become soaked by falling in a river, staying active in non-stop precipitation, or falling through the ice, then your carefully selected layers will play another vital role. If you’re soaked through, away from a warm shelter you can reach quickly, the most important thing is to get a fire blazing. 

The next is to strip down to that base layer and stay as close to the fire as you can without burning yourself. Get warmed up, and dry the base layer. Then start drying out your other layers over the fire. Because you’ve chosen carefully, this won’t take as long as you might think. If this happened to you while you were only wearing one layer of absorbent clothing, you’d be standing there in your birthday suit for a long, long time.

Dry socks are a must!

If you find yourself out in the woods feeling damp and chilled from perspiration or precipitation, there’s one item of clothing you can easily carry in your pack that will instantly make you feel more comfortable. Cozy, dry wool socks! Always carry a spare pair with you in a Ziplock bag or vacuum-sealed. Even if your boots are wet, slipping your feet into warm, dry socks will make you feel better about your situation.

The amazing thing about dry socks is they’ll provide the same lift and feeling of comfort if your feet are soaked on a hot hiking day from exertion. Keep them in your daypack with your lunch for a middle-of-a-wet day (hot or cold) boost.

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Sports Biopic ‘Nyad’ Earns Acclaim After Premiere https://outdoors.com/sports-biopic-nyad-earns-acclaim-after-premiere/ https://outdoors.com/sports-biopic-nyad-earns-acclaim-after-premiere/#respond Wed, 13 Sep 2023 19:44:15 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98840 The movie tells the true story of Diane Nyad, who at the age of 60 sets out to successfully swim the 110-mile journey from Cuba to Florida.

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The biographical sports drama Nyad garnered critical acclaim after its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival this week. The film has generated a 100% approval rating on the movie review site Rotten Tomatoes

Critics praised the inspirational story of Diane Nyad, the only person to ever swim from Cuba to Florida without a shark cage, as well as the directorial debut by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi and Jimmy Chin and the performances by actresses Annette Bening and Jodie Foster. 

The movie tells the story of Nyad (played by Bening) who at the age of 60 sets out to successfully complete the 110-mile swim. Supporting her throughout the film is Bonnie Stoll (played by Foster) who helps Nyad as both a friend and coach. 

In the true story, Nyad, an accomplished long-distance swimmer, tried to complete the swim on five separate occasions. Her first attempt was in 1978 when she was 28 years old, but it ended due to weather and other issues. 

The four other attempts occurred between 2011 and 2013. She finally completed the challenge on Aug. 31, 2013, after approximately 53 hours of swimming. She was 64 years old. 

For the film, Annette spent hours training in the pool. Chin, who won an Academy Award for the climbing documentary Free Solo, explained that the stunt team was “blown away” at her performance because she wanted to look “authentic.”

Production of the film began in March 2022, and it premiered at TIFF on Sept. 12. Nyad is scheduled to begin streaming on Netflix starting Nov. 2, 2023. 

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Reel in a Reward: Florida Officials Offering $50 for Catching a Cobia Fish https://outdoors.com/reel-in-a-reward-florida-officials-offering-50-for-catching-a-cobia-fish/ https://outdoors.com/reel-in-a-reward-florida-officials-offering-50-for-catching-a-cobia-fish/#respond Wed, 13 Sep 2023 19:05:22 +0000 https://outdoors.com/?p=98834 Florida researchers are asking anglers to keep an eye out for a particular fish, and the good news is there’s a reward.

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Florida researchers are asking anglers to keep an eye out for a particular fish, and the good news is there’s a reward.

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is looking for cobia. If anyone fishing along Florida’s coast catches the animal in September, FWC will pay $50 for the fish. 

The agency says its researchers need a sample of the cobia’s reproductive organs. The state is trying to understand if the animal is spawning along the state’s coast. The research is part of a three-year project to understand the fish better.

cobia reward
An image used for FWC’s social media post about the cobia. (Source: Facebook/Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission)

For the $50, the cobia must have its organs intact and kept on ice until a representative from FWC can meet up to retrieve the fish.

FWC says its team is also tagging cobias to track their spawning patterns. The agency says if you reel one in, please take a picture of the tag and re-release it into the ocean. 

Wildlife officials say the cobia lives in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. 

For more information or to collect a reward, call the following numbers: 

Southeast Florida (Ft. Lauderdale-Sebastian): 561-510-5620

Southwest Florida (Naples-St. Petersburg): 727-220-7108

Northwest Florida (St. Petersburg-Steinhatchee): 727-685-7354

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